Slavery in Africa Essay Example for Free

Slavery in Africa EssayFor almost the entire recorded memorial in most communities, knuckle downry is a prominent feature. However, slave guile in Africa left a remarkable legacy due to the large numbers of slaves that were involved and also the sufferings that the slaves were subjected to. This makes the slavery that took place in Africa to be of great significance and thus it cannot be ignored. Slavery was outstanding in Africa than in any other interpreter of the world, many years before the transatlantic slavery. The Lagos maritime town was the first to be used by the Portuguese as a slave market where they could be able to sell the African slaves posterior they were imported (Evans, Para 3). Slavery in Africa The issue of whether slavery existed in the communities of the sub Saharan Africa before the atomic number 63ans arrived in these regions is an issue that is hotly contest between the Eurocentric and Afrocentric academics. But the controversy does not eliminate th e fact that slave trade was a prominent feature in Africa.It is very unadorned from many historical sources that the Africans were subjected to various forms of slavery. The chattel slavery was practiced by the Europeans via the famous Trans Atlantic slave trade and the Muslims who were conducting the Trans Saharan slave trade. Years after slave trade was abolished in Africa, the vice go along as the colonial powers governing Africa continued to subject Africans to forced labor (Evans, Para 5). Slavery in Africa was practiced by both the Europeans and Muslims.The Muslims were involved in slave trade across the Saharan region. They based this practice on the Qurran which prescribes that slavery should be approached on humanitarian grounds. According to the Qurran, free men should not be made slaves and those practicing other religions should be protected. Nevertheless, the increase of the empire of the Islam in Africa led to the harsh rendition of the Qurran law. This made the peop le who were procl leaseing other religions to be considered as ideal candidates of slavery by the Muslims.Such slaves were either sold by the Muslims to other people who cute slaves or the Muslims themselves could take them as their own slaves (Miers, pp 130). When the Portuguese arrived for the first time at the African coast of the Atlantic in 1430s, they were only interested in gold and not slaves. However, by the end of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had already traded more than eighty one thousand African slaves to the neighboring Atlantic islands, Europe and to the Muslim merchants (Evans, Para 7). For two centuries, i. e.between the years 1440-1640, the Portuguese had the monopoly of exporting slaves to Europe from Africa. It is remarkable that Portugal was the last European nation to abolish slave trade, although France continued to oppress the former slaves through forced labor. It is approximated that during the entire period of slave trade in Africa, which lasted for about four and a half centuries, the slave trade of the trans Atlantic, in which the Portuguese were the main players, managed to export more than four and a half jillion Africans as slaves to other countries.However, during the 18th century, when more than six million Africans became slaves in foreign countries, Britain was the most notorious nation practicing the vice, but this fact is usually forgotten by the people who cite the prime role play by Britain in bringing to an end the slave trade not only in Africa but in the entire world (Lovejoy, pp 129). The main aim of slavery in Africa was to provide cheap labor to the countries which were developing at that time and which were in dire need of cheap labor.The Muslims and countries such as Portugal were the main participants in the trade since they were able to export the slaves from Africa and thus sell them to other countries and creating wealth from the trade. The Africans who were captured as slaves were first taken to the local slave markets where they were sold and later transported via the Atlantic Ocean to other countries where they remained for the rest of their lives as slaves (Miers, pp 220).Conclusion Slave trade in Africa was very prominent than in any other part of the world. This is because millions of Africans were enslaved by the more powerful nations such as Britain and Portugal. The Africans who became slaves in foreign countries were subjected to a lot of suffering by their master. They were denied most of their rights and were forced to work for their masters without any pay. Work citedEvans, Alistair Boddy Slavery of Africans and Slavery in Africa (2009) Retrieved on 3rd July 2009 from, http//africanhistory. about. com/od/slavery/a/Slavery101. htm. Lovejoy, Paul E. Transformations in slavery a history of slavery in Africa (2000) Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521784301. Miers, Suzanne Slavery in Africa historical and anthropological perspectives (1979) Univ. of Wisconsin Pres s, ISBN 0299073343.

Exploring the Concepts of Karl Marx and Mao Tse-Tung Essay Example for Free

Exploring the Concepts of Karl Marx and monoamine oxidase Tse-Tung EssayKarl Marx believed that in an industrialized society, the working class, known as the proletariat would revolt and take over the ruling class, and would in effect, create a classless society. Karl Marx believed this could still happen in an industrialized society. Once it became apparent that the working class would not rise above, Lenin intervened and confirmed Marxism ancient in Russia. Since the late 1920s the Chinese communist Party has altered Marxism in china. It became a peasant party with an anti-Marxist petty-bourgeois viewpoint and through all the fluctuations of the go forth and right turns of world Stalinism, it kept a utopian and reactivenessary perspective in Marxist terminology, reactionary refers to people whose ideas might appear to be socialist, but, in essence, contain elements of feudalism, capitalism, nationalism, fascism or another(prenominal) characteristics of the ruling class. It kept a nationally based and classless socialism, or peasant socialism, as worded by Trotsky.To call monoamine oxidase Tse-Tungs communist or Maoist, philosophy socialism is an understatement. Though encompassing many Marxist values, China has done a more effective short letter of forcing the Maoist ag prohibita through more ruthless emphasis by utilizing the multitude of peasants residing within its borders as a powerful military strength, unlike Marxism which calls for a serial of whirling by representation of class struggle and uprising in the proletariat. Though the Maoist ideology had subsisted in China for some days after his time, today it is an important stinting force, but is government-run, leaving it unstable without government regulation as the economy is dominated by capacious state-owned enterprises, but hugger-mugger enterprises also play a major role in the economy. State-owned enterprises are a major source of profit and power for members of the Communist Party of China and their families and are largely favored by the government.Karl Marx wove economics and philosophy together to construct a grand speculation of humane history and social change. His archetype of alienation, for example, first expressed in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, plays a key role in his criticism of capitalism. Marx believed that people, by nature, are free, creative beings who have the electric potential to totally transform the world. But he observed that the modern, technologically true world is apparently beyond our full control. Marx condemned the free market, for instance, as being anarchic, or ungoverned. He maintained that the way the market economy is coordinatedthrough the spontaneous purchase and sale of private property dictated by the laws of hand over and demandblocks our ability to take control of our individual and collective destinies.Marx condemned capitalism as a system that alienates the masses. His authoring was like this although workers produce things for the market, market forces, not workers, control things. People are required to work for capitalists who have full control over the means of production and maintain power in the workplace. Work, he said, becomes degrading, monotonous, and suitable for machines rather than for free, creative people. In the end, people themselves become objectsrobot-like mechanisms that have lost touch with human nature, that make decisions based on cold profit-and-loss considerations, with slight concern for human worth and need. Marx concluded that capitalism blocks our capacity to create our own humane society. Marxs notion of alienation rests on a critical but shaky assumption. It assumes that people can successfully abolish an advanced, market-based society and replace it with a democratic, comprehensively planned society.Marx claimed that we are disoriented not only because many of us toil in tedious, perhaps even degrading, jobs, or because by com peting in the marketplace we tend to place profitability above human need. The issue is not about toil versus happiness. We are alienated, he maintained, because we have not yet designed a society that is fully planned and controlled, a society without competition profits and losses, money, private property, and so ona society that, Marx predicted, must inevitably appear as the world advances through history. hither is the greatest problem with Marxs theory of alienation even with the latest developments in computer technology, we cannot create a comprehensively planned system that puts an end to scarcity and uncertainty.But for Marxists to speak of alienation under capitalism, they must assume that a successfully planned world is possible. That is, Marx believed that under capitalism we are alienated or separated from our potential to creatively plan and control our collective fate, but if comprehensive socialist planning fails to work in practice it is an impossibility. In consequ ence of Chinas sizable boorish population, the greatest point of conflict between the two lines of thought is Maos inclusion of the peasantry in the proletariat differing greatly with the Marxist-Leninist view that the beginning of socialist r ontogenesis should come from the urban working class. The Maoist faith in transmutationary eagerness and the positive value of the peasants lack of sophistication as opposed to technological or intellectual elites fueled the Great Leap Forward of the 1950s and the cultural Revolution of the 1960s and 70s.The disastrous consequences of both upheavals led Maos successors to abandon Maoism as counterproductive to economic growth and social order. Maoism, since then, has been embraced by insurgent guerrilla groups worldwide. The Communist Party of the Philippines has adopted the ideas and concepts of Maoism which promote the use of revolution to obtain their goals. Professor Jose Maria Sison, the Chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippi nes states, Mao is indubitably correct in identifying the revisionism of degenerates in power in socialist society as the most lethal to socialism, and in offering the solution that succeeded in China for ten years before it was defeated in 1976. The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the full restoration of capitalism in revisionist-ruled countries in the period of 1989-91 have vindicated Maos position on the crucial importance and necessity of the struggle against revisionism and the theory of continuing revolution under proletarian dictatorship.The Philippines today practices modern democracy. This shows the neat difference of ideology within countries. It is shown by Sisons diction that he is passionate about Communism to the degree that he strongly adheres to Maoist theory by promoting revolution in the proletariat. In 2008, the New Peoples Army in the Philippines managed to make 200 tactical offenses and captured 200 highschool powered rifles. Ka Oris claimed that the gr oup has managed to return to the level of activity of when it was at its peak in the 1980s. The NPA, the armed wing of the CPP, remains the biggest threat to national security tally to National Defense Secretary Gilbert C. Teodoro Jr. This shows how Maoism only subsists with sheer violence. They seek to implement their agenda by compromising national security and position many lives in danger. In order to form a fully Maoist society one needs to documentaryize that the only means of achieving this is by deteriorating the conditions within a county.The history of the NPA in Mindanao dates back to 1971 when a handful of inexperienced but determined communists established two cells one in Iligan and the other in Davao. The years that followed saw it exploit widespread poverty among both indigenous peoples and poor peasants in the countryside, as good as among many Christian settlers. As one can see, poverty was a result of the attempts made by the NPA to form a communist/Maoist na tion therefore, the effects of revolution in the name of Maoism only worsens the well-being of the people as violence is utilized to oppress the people. Maoism is characterized by an extreme eclecticism and by subjectivism in theory and voluntarism in politics. Many traditional views of ancient Chinese political and philosophical thought have helped nourish Maoist ideology.From the anarchists Mao Tse-tung borrowed such principles as the absolutization of violence (Power grows out of the barrel of a gun and To rebel is justified) and reliance on nonproletarian, declassed elements and politically immature layers of young people to organize revolutions without construe to whether there is a revolutionary situation. According to Maoist declarations, similar revolutions, which in fact are a form of total purging and suppression of the real and potential enemies of Maoism, should be repeated periodically. If the inherent violence that Maoism encapsulates should be repeated, it would hin t to the suffering of many people, which makes it unstable to the degree that the government forces outnumber the Maoists a force that keeps them at bay.The Maoists cannot obtain their goal without the use of hostility, making it immoral and unstable. Since 1978 hundreds of millions have been lifted out of poverty in China yet hundreds of millions of rural population as well as millions of migrant workers remain unattended According to Chinas official statistics, the poverty rate fell from 53% in 1981to 2.5% in 2005. However, in 2009, as many as 150 million Chinese were living on less than $1.25 a day. The infant mortality rate fell by 39.5% between 1990 and 2005, and motherly mortality by 41.1%. Access to telephones during the period rose more than 94-fold, to 57.1% as did in many developing countries such as Peru or Nigeria. This shows inconsistency with entropy to instill communist propaganda. They only show what they want to. They never display the harsh violence committed in order to execute their agenda, which is also in the roots of Marxist theory. In consequence of Maos recognition of the peasantry as a powerful source of revolution, his political endeavors were largely aimed at rural China and less on urban industrial enterprise.There is a strong emphasis in Maoism placed on the capability of conscious human action to overcome a lack of material resources. This is in reference to what Mao saw as great feats of endurance, such as the Long March and the opponent against Japan during the Sino-Japanese War. According to Mao, the success of such campaigns rested upon the commitment of man, without the aid of technology or material involvement. Complementary to such experiences, Mao naturally developed a theory that highlighted success as a product of the mind, not matter. As such, material goods were not constituent of, or significantly important to Maoism. It should be pointed out that in the present conditions, agriculture occupies first place in ou r economic construction. Mao was mainly concerned with verdant production as a means of survival, and saw no political gain from mass industrialization. In fact Mao believed that industrialization weakened the proletarian movement, by creating further means for factory owners and management teams to exploit workers.However the Marxist-Leninist approach to socialist reform which contrasted against Maos agrarian views, relied heavily upon the encouragement of advanced industrialization in order to strengthen the sense of proletarian repression. In this sense there was a strong point of conflict over industrial and agricultural production values between Mao and the Russians, which was in direct consequence of the peasants over workers dispute. A fundamental facet of stainless Marxist ideology is economic determinism a concept whereby social change is driven by the economy. However Mao placed a much larger emphasis on the do of humankind, and the capacity to change human nature throu gh sheer will power. Maos real conflict, of course, was not with Russia nor with revisionism, but with human nature. He believed that the unremarkably extended process of change could be hastened with appropriate stimulation a positive political frame of commitment and action.While Marx also believed in the evolution of human nature, in contrast to Mao he regarded it to be a process beyond the control of man. Marx developed the theory of material determinism, which suggested that the economy is necessary to social change and the development of human nature, a relationship almost ignored by Mao. Features of society such as classes, politics and ideologies were seen by Marx to be outgrowths of economic activity, whereas Mao regarded changes to such features as a result of human will. Maos process of remolding human beingsis almost in defiance of orthodox Marxist diachronic and material determinism. However what is generally agreed upon by Marx and Mao, despite the way in which it i s done, is that this remolding of humankind could take many revolutions, which led to the development of the continuous revolution theory, a concept whereby the proletarians struggle against the bourgeoisie is everlasting.Basically, the goals of Mao, Lenin and Marx were alike in terms of achieving a classless socialist society there were decided contrasting elements within the paths chosen to master these aspirations. Mao believed in the revolutionary and violent power of the abundant peasantry class, whereas the Marxist-Leninist approach to socialist revolution was to lead from the urban working classes. Resulting from this major disagreement came differing views on industrialization and urbanization, Mao tending to pay closer attention to agricultural development which was a large factor in China, and the Russians to urban development. There was also ignorance on Maos behalf of the nature of economics, a subject of which Marx was an expert which is most likely the reason why the re is little on economics found on Maoism.Marx recognized the economy as a major driving force in social development, whereas Mao regarded human nature as something that could be changed by will. However while Mao may not have attempted to achieve socialism as Marx intended, a great difference between Russia and China during the twentieth century made such a turn away from classical Marxism to some extent. One could claim that Marxism has never truly been achieved in any setting, and with both China and Russia now leaning more towards capitalism, it leads one to question whether devoted the nature of humankind, such change is even possible however, it can be concluded that both doctrines encapsulate instability and hostility, creating an oppressive environment.

Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Essay Example for Free

Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships EssayThe sociobiological explanation is an evolutionary theory perceiving kindred formation as a form of survival efficiency, with a difference between genders. Davis (1990) performed a content analysis of personal advertise manpowerts, finding that men look for health and attractiveness, while offering wealth and resources. Females look for resources and status, while offering beauty and youth, supporting the idea of evolutionary-based gender differences in relationship formation. However, although applicable to the EEA (Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness), the model doesnt suit modern environment. Many women now have resources of their own and do not need to rely on the resources of men. This casts doubts on the suitability of this explanation in modern days as its applicability, has over the years gradually decreased. The sociobiological explanation is reductionist, seeing relationship as a means of reproduction, ther efore disregarding other reasons for being in romantic relationships, like companionship. It can be argued that theories of relationship formation ar deterministic, as relationships are seen as having a lack of free will that is, determined by factors beyond personal control.For example, the rewards and unavoidably satisfaction theory sees relationship formation an unconscious mind process based on learned associations. The reinforcement and needs satisfaction explanation is a behaviourist explanation, perceiving conditioning as an explanation for relationship formation. mess may directly reward us (operant conditioning) by meeting our psychological needs for friendship, love and sex. Their provision of such needs is reinforcing, and therefore we like them more than and want to be around them.As a result we are more likely to form a relationship. Also, people may be indirectly rewarded (classical conditioning), where they become associated with the pleasant circumstances and s o again the likeliness for forming a relationship increases. Argyle (1994) outlined several motivational systems underpinning social behaviour, and explained how forming relationships satisfies social needs on several levels. * Biological needs, like collective eating.* Dependency, being comforted* Affiliation, a sense of belonging* Dominance, making decisions for others* Sex, flirting* Aggression, letting off move* Self-esteem, being respected by othersMany non-western cultures feature relationships without regard for receiving rewards or prioritising selfish needs. Therefore the rewards needs satisfaction theory cannot account for cultural differences and indeed can be seen as culturally biased. The rewards needs satisfaction theory of relationship formation cannot account for gender differences. Women often focus more on the needs of others, and males and females tend to find different things rewarding, suggesting that the explanation is gender biased.

Management and Leadership Styles in Nursing Team Leaders

Management and leadinghip Styles in Nursing Team LeadersThis assignment pass on focus on the different management and leading styles and the benefits and shortfalls bequeath be discussed. Definition of the management and leadinghip styles will be included along with a brief discussion on trait theories This will be achieved by studying a working nurse team up and concentrating on the nurse in charge and how she delegates, leads and organises the team.Firstly, this assignment will look at the different management and leading styles followed by the analyst on how the nurse in charged relates these management and leadinghiphip styles in practice whilst managing a multi- disciplinary team within a hospital hold setting along with a conclusion of what I be in possession of learnt observing drawing cardship style and how I was influenced from this form of leadership and how it may effect me in my future practice as qualified nurseAccording to Marquis Hudson (2000) leadershi p is a puzzle out of persuading and influencing others to shields a goal as is composed of a wide variety of roles. .However Bowles And Bowles(2000) Define leadership as an inter own(prenominal) relationship of influence the product of personal characteristics rather than mere occupation of theatre directorial positions. it is these personal characteristics which attract enthuse and motivate followers to cover organizational goals.Each nurse has their own styles and leadership, their style depends on their values, traits. Characteristic, along with experience it is these individuals that transmits began to come about.Trait theory of leadership is based on the assumption that people inherited specificate characteristics traits abilities and acquisitions that make more suitable leaders than others Trait approach tries to identify traits and characteristics to distinguish leaders from followers Marquires and Huston (2006) suggested the smashing man theory is that people argon bor n(p) to lead and others are born to be led. Doyle and smith (2001) argues that Gandhi along with Napoleon inheritated the great man trait and highlight that they took control when needed .As suggested the term great man and not great woman ,This happened as in those times leadership was considered to be a males job only .Since trait theory was not enough to identify leaders from non leaders new theories of leadership began to appear such as are leaders demonstrable through education and special training along with organism learnt from observation and teaching creating the behaviour trait .A nurse leader must have a variety of leadership styles depending on the situation. Leaders are sought after for their expertise in their respective specialties and cater nurses look up to these individuals for guidance.Management is defined as a sue about an value in noesis skills, habits and attitudes of the employee in an organisation (sing 2008)Historically management has been given a gre ater importance in wellnesscare settings (marquis Huston 2006).However (McCallin2003) states The role of management in the time of Florence Nightingale was authoritarian and pore on rules, hierarchy and systems of punishment or reward to motivate workers. The characteristics of historic management would endeavour autocratic leaders. This flake of management may of being accepting in the 19th century but immediately it no longer reflects the needs or values of the nurse professionModern health care settings are complex and requires the registered nurse to have the ability to perform a multitude of roles and responsibility requires highly developed skills in decision making ,critical thinking along with the adherence to professional ,moral and legal standards .In asset to these skills leadership and management are considered essential for professional practice all are included in the Nursing Midwifery Council(2008) standards and are required for competent practice .the ability of register nurses to be effective leaders will impact on staff ,resources and setting and achievement of goals .this will in turn have implications for the quality of careDrucker (1999) cited in Weick and Evans(2003) stated todays nurses are graduates who have been described as knowledge workers who want to be led not managed .The word management and leadership are oft interchangeable this is based on that they use similar skills bowman1997 and greenwood 1997 effective leadership is critical in any organisation and the key to effective is having the staff focused and working towards achieving the desired goalConvey (2006) argues the view that management is about doing things right and leadership is about doing the right thing student hand loudnessLeaders and managers are not the same though they act in similar ways. A manager is responsible for setting objectives and using resources efficiently. A leader is responsible for motivating a group of people (team) to use their individ ual skills therefore leadership is a vital skill of any successful managerThere are several different leadership styles Three will be chosen and the advantage and disadvantages will be discussed.Bureaucratic leadership- bureaucratic leaders work by the book and determines they follow protocols and procedures in accordance to how they are set bureaucratic leaders, expect team members to adhere to the protocols and procedures and follow he rules dead . ,this form of leadership burn down demoralise staff as well as put up barriers when needing to use their own initiative in addition place restraints on any changes that are needed. In acute workplaces where procedures save lives, a bureaucratic management style can help enforce health and safety rules.Autocratic leadership- Autocratic leaders sets objectives and allocates tasks and demands obedience they make as many decisions as possible and seek to have authority and control in decision making .Autocratic leaders tend to respond qu ickly and effectively and give the task a direction .However research claims that autocratic leaders can be disliked creating lack of faith and trust along with demotivated staff leading to stress within the relationship with work colleagues Marquis and Huston (2006)Democratic leadership democrat leaders encouraged participation in the decision making by consulting team members , assign where possible and explaining their decisions along with sharing the responsibility Adaire(2002) Democratic leaders tend to have a exhaustively rapour with their team as work colleagues will tell a democratic leader when something has g iodin wrong. While employees obviously hide it from an autocrat .democratic leadership is effective in professional organisations where the emphasis on training, professional and leadership development needs to be optimistic.(tomey 2004)Laizzez-Faire leadership Laizzez faire leaders are ones that leaves the employee to get on with their work with little or no interf erence, By giving the employee freedom it gives them the opportunity to show responsibility and initiative Marquris and Huston (2006)suggest that laizzez-faire leaders only motivate others when requested to do so .This form of leading can be effective if the leader monitors what is being achieved and communicates it back to the team regularly .regrettably ,it can also refer to situations where leaders are not exerting sufficient controlI have chosen a nurse that through her shame and leadership style as inspired me throughout my transition from a healthcare assistant to a student nurse .For the purpose of the confidentiality of this nurse she will be identified as C.BC.B has being a registered nurse for 9 years working in a busy public hospital in many departments including orthopaedic and surgical wards and now currently is a band 6 in the Accident and Emergency Department (A/E) She has decided to advance her knowledge and has undertaken many course .This has enabled her to incre ase her knowledge to enable her to gain confidence in her leadership role, as a band 6 in the A/E departmentI was fortunate not only to know C.B as a work colleague but to have the honour to have her as my mentor whilst I was a student in the A/E department.In the A/E department one member of the nursing team is chosen by the ward manager to make out co-ordinator .The role involves delegating teams , communicating jobs needed to do, organising bed state in accordance to entranceway and discharges performing ward round an organisation of staff such as break times .The event being analysed will be communicating jobs from the ward round to different team members and how the coordinator deals with them . inquiry evidence suggests that an effective manager should have a detailed knowledge of all patient in his/her care and one way to achieve this is by hands on nursing(Douglas1992, Lles 1997)Prioritizing becomes part of a nurses routine in every day practice (Waterworth 2003 ). Using her management skill of decision making C.B looked at the skill mix of the staff to be able to decide how nursing skills are best used (Humphreys 1996). This can be done by using your clinical judgement of the staff and by looking at the grades of the staff available. McElroy et al (1996) agrees with the using clinical judgement to ensure you make the best use of a nurses time. It should be recognised that skill mix research is vague. There is research on this subject area but it mainly looks at grade mix rather than skill mix (Spilsbury and Meyer 2005). One could question skill is more than just a grade, as the grade of the person does not always reflect the experience of the person. C.B had to break the tasks down. Ensuring she makes sufficient use of the skill mix available to ensure that adequate staff fulfils the tasks to ensure the quality of patient care given is of the highest standard. From a management point this is a very important decision to make as it manner that you can try to get the best out of your staff and that it is a way of ensuring all your tasks get complete and the management of clinical risk is not affected (Smith and Valentine 1999). This was achieved by using delegacy skills.Delegation is the process from which responsibility for performing a task is transferred to another person who accepts responsibility for the task. Although Delegation is the process from which responsibility for performing a task is transferred to another person who accepts responsibility for the task. But although you have asked someone else to do the task overall the person delegating the task is still actually accountable (Sullivan and Decker 2005) NMC 2008 Delegation is an important management process and allow organization and leadership to function through others .Ellis and Hartley (2004) . Delegating a task to others have been piece to be challenging for some nurses Hansen and Washburn (1996)As C.B has being allocated to be shift coordinator she neede d to participate in regular ward round that occurred within the A/E department in addition to have control of any emergency situation that was happening within the A/E .During the ward round the C.B as the co-ordinator employs a bureaucratic approach as she is with the consultant and junior doctors In this situation she must ensure that everything is done correctly both by herself as well as the consultant and junior doctors After completion of the ward round C.B handed over to the applicable nurses the information that had been discussed during the ward round .There has been a lot of research on handovers which have looked at the contents Hesse (1983) Liukkonen (1993) and McMahon (1990), duration Matthews (1986), Sherlock (1995) Thurgood (1995). This literature all terminate that handovers. influences the delivery of care efficient handovers mean better patient care. Meisser et al (2007) suggested that leadership may be the one quality needed to improve handover Research conducte d by Sexton et al (2004) argues that not all the relevant information is discussed during handover, preventing the delivery of care. Yet again C.B delegates ,jobs that have being requested on the ward round .in this situation she employs the transactional form of leadership style as she needs to ensure that all the correct information has been passed on and that the nurses looking after the charm team get the jobs done effectively and efficiently .This means the staff of the delegated teams agree to do the job request and do not changed any scenery of the job required .After delegating the new jobs to her staff the C.B than adopts a individuality approach and allows the nurses to get on with their own jobs .However ,communication was still essential in the laissez-faire approach and the C.B regularly calls staff into an area to handover and update herself on the jobs being done ensuring the original job that was requested to herself on the ward round was being carried out. By mean s of discussing the handover with the delegated nurse C.B allowed them to put themselves forward for the patient Involving her work colleagues allow them to be involved in patient care this form of delegation can be highlighted from a democratic leaderAn emergency call came through to the A/E and C.B responsibility was to ensure the correct emergency team would be present for when the patient arrived C.B was in control due to her knowledge and was able to identify follow out this task as a leader of this emergency call C.B made decisions for the group .This type of leadership is autocratic and is appropriate when a dealing in emergency situations Research by Greenwood (1997 ) has found that leaders should adopt the style in which they find most comfortable to be an effective leader.Leadership styles vary according to various situations. One leadership style may be ineffective where another one is extremely successful. we are now able to see that leaders vary according to situations and their traits. Leaders are able to express themselves fully Bennis.(1998) they also know what they want and why they want it and how to communicate what they want in order to gain cooperation and put forward achieving goals to be met Bennis (1998) states leaders can find way to make a differenceAll nurse are in a position to become change agent but most importantly nurse leaders have the greatest influence on changed. The nurse act as the change agent when assisting patients in changing or altered behaviour .kozier et al (2000) states nurse often act to make changes in the system ,such as clinical care along with helping patient return back to good health. According to Marquis and Huston (2000) what distinguishes a successful changed agent is a person mean in theory and implementation of planned changed to deal appropriately with these changes and connect all organisations that will be effected by the changed. This is achieved by means of good leadership and management skills

Character Analysis Between Oconnors Misfit And Oates Friend English Literature Essay

Character Analysis Between Oconnors Misfit And Oates Friend English Literature EssayIn comparing and contrasting Flannery OConnors A Good humankind is backbreaking to engender(1955) and Joyce Carol Oatess Whither Are You Going, Where deport You Been(1966) the presenter plunder find many similarities and differences between The Misfit in A Good Man is Hard to watch over and Arnold Friend in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been. The save up up will take a look at these twain characters and analyze their familys with each stories main character as well as how they reflect certain aspects of religions.In Joyce Carol Oatess baloney Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Arnold Friends character shows up at Connies place when she is all alone, with his side kick and his golden convertible. At first Arnold tries to charm this young girl into getting in his car, but Connie contiguously realizes that Arnold is non the young man she thought he was. She has noticed that his hair seems like it is a wig, that he may be tiring makeup, and that he is walking strange. Arnold Friend continues to try and smooth talk Connie into going for a ride with him, but when Connie insists she is not interested Arnold becomes more aggressive. When Connie says she is going to birdcall the cops Arnold threatens to come inside. After some more of Arnolds smooth talk Connie reluctantly agrees to go with him and the story ends.When comparing the both killers the one characteristic that seems to stick knocked out(p) the nigh is that they both seem to be good at what they do. In Oatess story Arnold Friend seems to befool a charm round him in the way of life that he talks. As we saw in the story his smooth talk seemed to interest Connie, but even when Connie declined and Arnolds tone got more violent, Arnold still got what he wanted. Although Connie is plain uncomfortable and truly adamant on not getting into Arnolds vehicle throughout his entire persuasion, Arnold stil l manages to intimidate and coax her to come with him. In OConnors story The Misfits talents were a little less obvious. wholly in all when The Misfit got down to business he was very calm and even was a gentlemen, apologizing for being shirtless and separating the males and females onwards they were murdered.Another statement that could be made confirming additional similarities is that both characters atomic number 18 sacredly related to their stories. When actively reading between the lines of each story, you can detect each of the authors subtle but still noticeable undertones that link religion in both stories. In Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been it verbalise that Arnolds tog didnt fit, and it look as if he had stuffed rags into his boots to make himself appear taller than his actually height. He was standing in a strange way, leaning back against the car as if he were balancing himself. Arnolds shoe was also described as appearing to not even have his foot inside of it. One of his boots was at a strange angle, as if his foot wasnt in it. It pointed to the left, bent at the ankle. This could be interpreted that Arnolds shoes didnt fit because he had hooves kind of of feet, referring Arnold to be the Devil as it is known that the Devil was said to have had a pair of hooves that he took extreme measures to hide. It has also been historied by previous readers who have identified religious connotations that if you were to take the R out of Arnolds first name, his full name would say An old Friend, this being a reference to the Devil as well who is said to have been the first being to befriend Adam and Eve upon their creation (James). The assumption can be also made that Arnold is not a humane being because he displays qualities that are unnatural to humans, specifically his eyes. His eyes are much brighter than any other humans and produce the image of his eyes refulgence due to the light illuminating from behind them. She saw how pale the ski n around his eyes was, like holes that were not in shadow but instead in light. His eyes were like chips of broken glass that catch the light in an amiable way.On the other hand A Good Man is Hard to Find had many religious inserts, but The Misfits actually compares himself directly to deliverer, stating he is like Jesus, except Jesus hadnt committed a crime. The Misfit is not still murdering people for no reason he seems to have spiritual or moral reasoning for his killings. The Misfit is aware of what he is doing is wrong, but thinks its okay because of the morals he believes in. It is brought to the attention of the reader that The Misfit is actually quite concerned with religious beliefs and Jesus after the grandmother attempts to persuade him to pray in order to find his fellowship with Jesus and spare the elderly womans life. Much to the surprise of the grandmother, although The Misfit has not ever prayed, he has thought deeply close Jesus and even states, It was the same racing shell with Him as with me except He hadnt committed any crime and they could prove I had committed one because they had papers on me meaning he feels in that location is much similarity between him and the Son of God. However, The Misfit then goes on to tell the grandmother in the time preceding her death about his uncertainty in believing whether Jesus ever actually embossed the dead. This uncertainty really angers The Misfit, because he adept wants to know what really happened. The Misfit feels that he cannot believe that Jesus raised the dead, because he was not there to witness it. After stating this disbelief, the assumption can be made that The Misfit feels that it is his responsibility to judge others and regain their fate as he does not know if Jesus has performed this judgment. He even states, If I had been there I would of known and I wouldnt be like I am now, to get on solidify this assumption. It appears that The Misfit blames Jesus for his actions and even p unishments received for his crimes committed, causing him to judge those who are living. This is precisely what The Misfit does with the grandmother and her sons family upon finding them after the accident. After having his two partners kill Bailey and his family, The Misfit listens to the grandmothers suggested advice and pleas to survive. All of the grandmothers talking though does not target this killer emotionally, and he just finally becomes irritated with her reaching his last nerve when she claims he is her son. The Misfit takes this opportunity to determine his final judgment of the grandmother and decides she is not worth living by shooting her three times.It is easier to find differences between the two characters because it seemed the reason why they were doing these crimes are different. In Oatess story, Arnolds character seemed to be attracted to younger people, mainly directed to girls. This can be concluded because of Arnolds efforts to make himself look like a young man. Connie care the way he was dressed, which was the way all of them dressed tight faded jeans stuffed into black, scuffed boots, a belt that pulled his waist and showed how lean he was, and a white slipover shirt that was a little soiled and showed the hard small muscles of his arms and shoulders(Oates 997). In OConnors story The Misfit seemed to target certain people. When selecting his victims he seemed to choose people that he felt where going against his morals. For example, when The Misfit discovers that the grandmother is not the great lady she claims herself to be, it can be concluded as reason for the murders. This can be backed up by when The Misfits states She would have been a good woman if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life (OConnor 1050), suggesting that he may not have killed her if she would have acted like that when he first met the family. A major difference that was also highlighted once their religious relations were analyzed, in trusts the obvious conclusion that The Misfit is being compared to Jesus and Arnold Friend is being compared to the Devil. They are polar opposites.The relationship between the killing and the victim in both stories is also an intriguing factor to both stories. The relationship between the grandmother and The Misfits stands out the most. It seems as if they are completely opposite. On one hand the grandmother thinks she is morally superior and the perfect lady. When she is not and is quick to point blame and make statements about her morals that are not true. Now when you analyze The Misfits you can see that he does follow his morals, although they may not be good morals he does sticks by them.When analyzing the relationship between Arnold Friend and Connie it can be quickly be mulish that Arnold controls this relationship. Arnold does what he does shell in the story, talk. When Arnold attempts to get Connie into his car, it seems as if he knows all of her weaknesses, her appearan ce, and her family life. In his effort he continues to take stabs at those weaknesses. First commenting Connie on her appearance and when that doesnt seem to lap starts to pick at her family life, asking if they would save her and so on, this leading to Connie finally giving in and going with Arnold Friend. Some readers may have found this very controversial, Connie giving in and leaving with Arnold Friend, but this is a perfect example of their relationship. From the beginning of the story Connie seemed to thrive for attention and Arnold was giving her exactly what see wanted, it just took some of his smooth talking and picking at her weaknesses to get Connie to finally give in.In conclusion, when comparing and contrasting Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find and Joyce Carol Oatess Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been the reader can find many similarities and differences between The Misfit in A Good Man is Hard to Find and Arnold Friend in Where Are You Going, Where Ha ve You Been. The Misfit and Arnold Friend both proved to be effective authoritative predators in persuading their victims to follow their directives which ultimately lead to their piteous deaths and abduction. Both characters in each of these short stories also exhibited insinuated religious implications that related them mainly to two major figures in religion, Jesus and the Devil. After analyzing The Misfit and Arnolds relationship with their respective(prenominal) main characters, many differences were also noted that separated them as individual manipulators that each performed their own tasks to get what they wanted. The paper took a look at these two characters and analyzed their relationships with each stories main character as well as how they reflected certain aspects of religions.Work CitiedJames. Re Commentary on Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? network log comment. Notearama. 19 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Mar. 2011. .Oates Joyce. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Bee n The Story and Its Writers. Ed Ann Charter Boston St. Martin, 2011. 988-1000. PrintOConnor Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find The Story and Its Writers. Ed Ann Charter Boston St. Martin, 2011. 1042-1053. PrintBryan GlazaEng 202March 30, 2011Kimalee AugustineWriting ProcessThe following short essay provides the process I took to write my paper on comparing and contrasting Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find and Joyce Carol Oatess Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been to find similarities and differences between The Misfit in A Good Man is Hard to Find and Arnold Friend in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been.The first step to my writing process began with the choosing of my topic. This step was by furthermost the easiest step in my writing process. I already knew I wanted to write about Joyce Carol Oatess Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, because out of the stories we have read so far this one caught my attention the most. Then when I saw the topic list an d the topic comparing and contrasting The Misfit and Arnold Friend I knew this had to be my topic.Following the first step of picking a topic, came my morsel step to my writing process and this being my brainstorming process. Since I felt there was a lot to be said on this topic I felt a free write was the best way to get me started.In the ternion step I started to write my paper. After free writing for almost three pages I began my paper. This was through by simply revising my free write and added the required knowledge make my paper complete. in the long run with having a complete paper I took my paper to the writers workshop to have it revised by others. From here I simply took my recommendations from the workshop and put the final touches on my paper.After the completing the first paper it was time to start my writing process again. The second part of the paper was just an addition to the first part. So instead of find a new topic all that demand to be done was find some add ition information on my topic and add at least two more pages to my paper.The writing process for part two began with the revision of my first paper. First I checked for common errors like grammar and fixed those before I forgot to. Then I was time to see what was needed to add depth and length to my paper. After reading though my paper I saw that I spent most of my paper talking about Arnold Friend so this was noted. Next I saw that I could organize my paper a little better so this was also noted.With these two ideas noted I could start researching again to find some more information. I started by trying to find more information that could be used to give me more to say about The Misfit. There was not much talk of The Misfit online so I decided to read the story again and try to point in and find parts that had to do with religion. I did the same with Arnold Friend and to my surprise there was a lot of information on him. But this information was not very helpful the bulk of the i nformation was found in forums and very opinionated and did not seem believable. With this in mind I decided not to use any of this information and do as I did for The Misfit and re-read the story to try and find more information that would focus on religion.Finally after re-reading the stories it was time to add the addition information. This was done by focusing on adding more depth to the topics that were already there and adding new thoughts into the paper. The changes that where made added about a page and a half, but because of my organization issues I stated earlier my total came to six pages instead of six and a half. Also since of most of my information had to do with comparing religion I decided it would be beneficial to change my thesis statement to include this.

Cultural Difficulties of Joint Venture in China

Cultural Difficulties of Joint Venture in ChinaThe benefits in Joint Venture JV gives more(prenominal) resources, greater capacity and increased proficient expertise. It acts as a representative for marking the accompanys entrance to a new market when still it is at its encyclopaedism stage. The mutual trusted partnership and co-operation give terzetto to its success. It strengthens the long term relationships or it whitethorn as well as collaborate on short term projects which manoeuvre them to access a new market and access to new technologies and they fucking also learn how to tackle the cultural difficulties if they be successful.The risks in say run a risk partnering with a nonher company in an entirely new market is a bit risky. It takes more time and effort to build the right relationship.the problems will in all probability arise if the objectives of the JV atomic number 18 not clearly menti 1d and explained or communicated. Normally the companies dumbfound t heir own objectives which will be distinguishable than the JV objectives. Imbalance in levels of expertise, assets and investments will lead to a poor integration and co-operation. Different ending and management styles will also lead to poor performance and co-operation.If both the companies doesnt exit necessary leadership support in early and developing stage of the JV it will also lead to disaster like dissolution.Cultural difficulties may occur for a global company in JV follows belowUnderstanding the cultural environments is critical to the success of the organisation or a company. husbandry is important and it makes difference in the management. Variable glossiness and different management styles will lead to dissolution of the venture.Cultural differences always influence the way of devising decision and solving problems.this also may lead to disaster. Unmanageable complexity, loss of autonomy, informationuncertainty and long term orientation will lead to mishap of th e venture.Human resource management plays a vital role in the Joint venture. Poor human resourcemanagement will lead to supreme failure of the venture.The companies on their own have different structural style but in a joint venture there is adifferent style. It has been learnt in early days the Chinese use so called shame technique.The Chinese do not regard people as raise until they ar at least 40yrs old.Most of the Chinese companies are part owned by the GOVT so the employment decisionsmaking are done or influenced by govt burucracies and this will also consume more timeso this may also lead to impatience of global company.Within the advertising industry in China, advertisements have also not been spared fromcontroversy and national debate. With a strong influence of multi-ethnic Chinese cultureand history, companies are constantly challenged to convey their messages to capabilityconsumers effectively, accurately, and yet not appear offensive. While the Chineseembraces globa lization, they are not a least hesitant from voicing their dissatisfactionwhen the contents of advertisements threaten their strong Chinese values.Western extradite managers in JVs could be extraordinary. This could make anexpatriate assignment to JV in China and it will be a very spoil experience.Presumably, cross-cultural facts of life may be particularly helpful for the adjustment of westerners encountering the forbid work environment in JV. In comparison, theadjustment of Western expatriate executives in other types of organisations may not befacilitated as much by cross-cultural training.Senior managers in China have good technical training, but it is not common for Chinesemanagers to have formal management training. Besides, they may have littleinternational experience or understanding of a free-market economy. Such differencesmay create substantial problems for expatriate managers in China. Disparity in educationand background may result in lower relationship on an inter personal level. Differences in ageand experience may lead to further complications. A negative circle can easily take hold,creating a considerable amount of stress. Unaware of the finer nuances of the localcultural and social context, Western expatriates may quickly attribute their inevitablebusiness difficulties to the ineptness of their Chinese JV partners. This attribution couldbe reinforced when they are reminded that they have been invited to China to improve onthe business deficiencies of their Chinese counterparts. To the Chinese, the word bundle means unaccompanied when a commercial organization, not a legally binding document. Signinga contract is a formal confirmation that they intend to do business with you, not anindication of how they are planning to conduct business. It is well known that realnegotiation in China begins solo after the contract is signed. every problems arisingthere from are due to the fact that the officials in the negotiation do by have limitedau thority and also tend to interpret the provision of the contract from their own cultural,political and economic viewpoint. Also, the government frequently changes thelaws hence, parties to the contract try to keep the arrangements as open and flexible aspossible.Recommendations to enable a joint venture China is booming market which hasmore than 1.3 billion of consumers and it has retained a considerable attraction forinternational business. Initially, the Joint Venture law from 1979 only allowed foreigncompanies to invest in joint ventures (JVs), but from 1987 onwards they could also formwholly foreign-owned enterprises. Although the number of wholly foreign-ownedenterprises are increasing at a faster rate. So if a global company wants to market theirproducts in the Chinese market pyramid then the outperform option to attain their end is tomake a JV and reach their goal in china while still in the developing process. Chinais distinctly different from al some other countries and would be a challenging destinationfor Western business expatriates. Their need for effective cross-cultural skills appears tobe substantial, as they have to adjust to a fundamentally different cultural and socialcontext than their own. That adjustment may be facilitated by means of cross-culturaltraining, there is inconclusive evidence of its authority the impact of such trainingmay be contingent on circumstances at the host location. Hence, the challenges set about Western expatriate managers in JV could be extraordinary. This could make anexpatriate assignment to a very frustrating experience. Presumably, cross-culturaltraining may be particularly helpful for the adjustment of westerners encountering thefrustrating work environment in JV. In comparison, the adjustment of Western expatriateexecutives in other types of organisations may not be facilitated as much by cross-cultural training. In organisational settings totally dominated by the foreign parent,Western expatriates may encounter a less frustrating internal work environment.It is best that the global and foreign company both should seek due representation in thetop management group. They both should offer enough leadership to add a betterdeveloping process.Human resource management plays a vital role in joint venture before starting theprocess for the joint venture they should go for look see process in which they analysethe lynchpin factors like how they are going to train and employ staffs from china with thehelp of the JV company, by studying the cultural advantages and disadvantages and whatare the resources they will be needed from the parent company and from the foreigncompany. Next the key travail should be picking the right person for the right job and theyshould also keep in mind that in china they consider the person is mature when at leastthey are 40 yrs old others will be considered as kids, so they should keep the age in mindwhen they are appointing key persons in the company.Langua ge training may vary from brief survival talking to instruction to extensive,immersion training, aiming for complete spoken and written fluency. Host languageability may serve several purposes. Besides facilitating discourse with locals, itmay also demonstrate an attitude of attempting to learn about the host culture, enablingone to be polite, and permitting cultural understanding not otherwise possible.They three key dimensions of in-country adjustment(1) adjustment to work(2) adjustment to interacting with host nationals and(3) adjustment to the general non-work environment.For a successful company it should establish a good relation with the partner company to learn the cross culture and what are the key tasks they should concentrate to conduct the required knowledge for implementing the process to form a greater JV company.They should provide training for the people in the organisation to understand basic tenets of Chinese values, norms, and behaviours through cross-cultural training may facilitate the daily work routines of the Western expatriates increasing their work adjustment. In a Joint venture both the companies should learn their foreign languages in order to improve the communication and parting information which will lead them to success in the joint venture.Both companies should share their resources, technology and analyse the aims and objectives of the company to succeed in the JV. merchandise is one of the major tasks in the joint venture company are any company.Marketing Marketing, among all business functions, is nearly down-to-earth in terms of dealing with customers. As ordinary customers, every one of us already knows about merchandise. after all, it is all around us. Many people may be under the impressionthat marketing is only selling and advertising, but it is actually only the beg of themarketing iceberg. There exists a massive network of people and activities, competingfor customers attention and purchases. In todays marketpl ace, marketing must beunderstood in the new sentiency of satisfying customer needs. They define marketing asthe process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customerrelationships in order to obtain value from customers in return.The company has to understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants. Therefore, the company needs to research its customers and the market place in order to stash and manage marketing information and customer data. The second step, designing a customer driven marketing strategy, takes place once the market place and customers are fully understood. The company will select which customers to serve through marketsegmentation and targeting. A value proposition will also be trenchant throughdifferentiation and positioning. After deciding on its overall marketing strategy, in thethird step, the company is ready to construct a marketing programme, whichtransforms abridgment strategies into real value for customers. The programm e is alsoknown as the marketing mix which consists of 4 elements (the 4Ps)-product, price,place and furtherance. The fourth step, which is actually throughout the wholemarketing process, is to build profitable relationships and create customer delight. Toachieve the goal, the company must establish strong relationships with marketingpartners as well. The fifth step is when the company can finally reap the fruits of its strong customer relationships by capturing value from customers in return. Once thecompany has created satisfied and loyal customers, it can capture customer life-timevalue with a result of increased share of market and customer. The marketing mix starts with product strategy. Product covers more than the physical goods the company wants to sell. It is the goods-and-service combination the company offers to the target market.The company has to be aware of the advertisements which they produce this may also incur some problems because within the advertising industry in China, advertisements have also not been spared from controversy and national debate. With a strong influence of multi-ethnic Chinese culture and history, companies are constantly challenged to convey their messages to potential consumers effectively, accurately, and yet not appear offensive. While the Chinese embraces globalization, they are not a least hesitant from voicing their dissatisfaction when the contents of advertisements threaten their strong Chinese values.Chinese culture at the level of national culture, which is best embodied in the values held by its people. A value system is seen as a relatively ineradicable perceptual framework that influences an individuals behaviour. Chinese cultural value system is so unique that itdistinguishes Chinese culture from Western cultures and the other Eastern cultures. Chinese culture is composed of traditional culture, communist ideology. The key to understand the traditional Chinese culture is Confucianism. Having competed with the other schools of thought in history, such as Taoism, Buddhism, etc., Confucianism is undisputedly the most influential thought, which forms the foundation of the Chinese cultural tradition and still provides the basis for the norms of Chinese interpersonal behaviourIf the HR department and the operations department are clear with the Chinese culture and able to differentiate between them then it will reduce the risk variable culture organisation.The first key and regularity to market a product is to adopt cultural approach in marketing.Culture penetrates our inner being subconsciously and at a deep level. human culturesshare many common features. it is highly risky to ignore the potential influences generated by distinctive Chinese culture on marketing outcomes. It can lead to embarrassing mistakes, or more importantly, little rewards after all the efforts on marketing.Strategic management has to be global, whereas marketing management largely needs to be tailored to local co ntexts therefore, an intercultural orientation to marketing best serves a global strategic view.Product is the central element in the market offering. localization in China is to appeal to Chinese customers taste.The production department should always keep in mind that brand new designs for a single market may be very effective in terms of delivering customer value for a specific market. Whereas, it cannot be applied to a wide range because the be shoot up.Price is a significant element of communication and a decisive element in the social interaction between buyer and seller. It endorses their agreement and shapes their relationship, immediately and in the long term. For customers, price is a means of evaluating products in terms of social representations strongly akin to culture.The major priority lies in capturing the most customer value at the lowest cost, which is achieved by sourcing locally. cultures influence on pricing seems a little weak.Pricing is a big problem facing m any marketing executives. The rest of the marketing mix must be taken into account while marketers decide how to price.The choice of place or dissemination is one of the two elements of the marketing mix, which are essential in pushing the product towards the customer. Due to that reason the distribution forms subtle relationships with consumers by means of unmediated contact, it also plays a role as a cultural filter.Companys promotion mix also called its marketing communication. Mix consists of the specific blend of advertising, sales promotion, in the public eye(predicate) relations, personal selling and direct-marketing tools. The company uses the set of tools to persuasively communicate customer value and build customer relationships. Ideally if the company carefully coordinate these promotion elements to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about the organization and its products then it can capture the market.And there are situation like you can only appoint Chinese officials only for certain market strategy and product developing, if the necessary steps had been taken by both of the companies then the JV will lead to great success.And there are necessities to have a relation ship in Chinese govt bureaucracies to have better understanding and learning of laws. multinational companies or global company face more complicated marketing environments when dealing with customers cultivated in different cultures in the times of globalization. The JV helps in these situations so it is best to become a JV and focus on the market after studying the cultural differences thoroughly. There exist other concerns unconnected from culture, such as the local marketing environment, the companys long-term strategic plan. The marketing should be culture conscientious, they should perform locally as well as be customer value oriented, holding a global view.The key to success in joint venture isthe global company and the foreign company should have mutual u nderstanding and trust on each other.In organizational communication, people are mainly to take out him self through language to express ideas, concepts and facts. Language is the foundation of effective communicationSo it is best to keep a common language to communicate between the people.To improve cross-cultural communication skills as an effective measure is to develop cross-cultural training programs. These training programs should focus on training efficiency and effectiveness, avoid engaging in forms of training objectives and training should be based on object-choice training content, training content selection based training methods. These methods will help the organisation to run in smoother way.It is true that global companies cannot impose their ways of doing business on China. On the other hand, China actually wants and needs overseas firms to introduce more modern practices as a way of whipping domestic businesses into shape. So there will be success for the joint ven ture firms if they focus in the right direction at the right time. They should always analyse their aims and objectives it will lead them to success.Even though they are from different cultural backgrounds they should exceed in visualising their goal by communicating each other and passing through to even the lowest grade staffs. This reduces misunderstanding and their performance improvement can be seen.Due to the globalisation even the Chinese also try to keep up with the current trends in the market to survive so this will also help in a matter of fact for the joint venture company.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

We all have had many stones read to us, and even read many ourselves. In elementary school they were stories of Lad, Jane and Spot. Each of us beamed with pride as we stumbled over that first line of See Lad go, or Run Jane run. Then, in junior high we learned about plot and theme, and the characters of the stories actually demonstrable personalities. Now, as graduating seniors, many of us have learned that stories fag teach us valuable lessons about life. Even the simple stories from elementary school barricade lessons that we can relate to our own experiences. One allegory in particular that just happens to be from my favorite producer, Disney, and emphasizes the importance of friendship is The Fox and The Hound. As this story demonstrates, the people that we have encountered throughout our lives, as well as our experiences, help us to grow and develop as individuals. I think we all can learn from the example of Tod and CopperNow, some people will tell you that a fox and a houn d could never get along. plainly Tod and Copper didnt know that.Youre my very best friend.And yo...